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Car Maintenance TipsRepairing Your Own Machine Components
by:
Thomas Yoon
Many a industrial concerns have workshops of their own. For the repair of worn shafts, the shaping machine
machine is excellent. Keyway slots can be machined by mistreatment a edge
machine, patch a shaping machine can do machining of large flat areas. A drilling machine makes drilling of holes.
A adept Maintenance Engineer should cognize how to use all these machines in order to do his own repairs in a safe manner. Really often he has to supervise machinists. The information below should be useful for that purpose.
Lathe Machine
The shaping machine
machine uses a single-point-cutting tool for a variety of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. Excess metal is removed by rotating the activity piece over the fixed cutting tool to form straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and screw threads. It can as well be used for facing flat surfaces on the ends of cylindrical parts.
The activity piece is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft by a 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck can be used to cut off-centered cylinders. The rotating horizontal spindle to which the chuck is attached is commonly driven at speeds that can be varied.
The cutting tool is fixed onto a tool rest and manipulated by hand. It can as well be power driven on straight paths parallel or perpendicular to the activity axis. This is useful for screw cutting.
Internal turning best-known as boring results in the enlargement of an already existing hole. The holes are much accurate in roundness, concentricity, and similarity
than trained
holes. A hole is bored with a single-point-cutting tool that feeds on
the inside of the activity piece.
Shaping Machine
The shaping machine is used to machine flat surfaces, grooves, shoulders, T-slots, and angular surfaces with single-point tools. The cutting tool on the shaper oscillates, cutting on the forward stroke, with the activity piece feeding mechanically
toward the tool during each return stroke.
Drilling Machine
The drilling machine is used to cut holes in metal with a twist drill. By dynamic the cutting tool, they can be used to do reaming, boring, counter boring, countersinking, and threading.
Milling Machine
The edge
machine uses a rotating cutting tool to cut flat surfaces, grooves, and shoulders, inclined surfaces, dovetails, and T-slots. Cutters of many a shapes are changed to cut some grooves.
Cutting Tools
Metal-cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple point. The shaping machine
and shaping machine use single point cutting tool patch the edge
and drilling machines use multiple-point-cutting tools.
Metal is cut either by moving the activity piece like in the shaping machine
or by moving the tool like in the shaping machine, drilling or edge
machine. Clearance angles must be provided to prevent the tool surface below the cutting edge from rubbing against the activity piece. Rake angles are often provided on cutting tools to cause a wedging action in the formation of chips and to reduce friction and heat.
Tool Materials
In order to move out chips from a activity piece, a cutting tool must be harder than the activity piece and must maintain a cutting edge at the temperature create
by the friction of the cutting action.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel tools even as tho'
relatively
affordable tend to lose cutting ability at temperatures about 400 degree F (205 degree C).
High-Speed Steel
High-speed steel, containing 18 pct tungsten, 4 pct chromium, 1 pct vanadium, and only 0.5 to 0.8 pct carbon, permits the operation of tools double
or three times the speeds allowable with carbon steel
Cast Alloys
Cast-alloy cutting-tool materials containing cobalt, chromium, and atomic number 74 are effective in cutting cast iron and retentive
their cutting ability even as once
red hot.
Cemented Atomic number 74 Inorganic compound
The hardness of Atomic number 74 Inorganic compound
approaches that of a diamond. Atomic number 74 inorganic compound
tools can be operated at cutting speeds many a times higher than those used with high-speed steel.
Oxides
Ceramic, or oxide, tool tips consist primarily of fine aluminum chemical compound
grains, which are secure together. These are really hard.
Cutting fluids
An hot
tool can become blunt and soft really fast. Therefore really often, cooling fluids cools the cutting points of the tool. This serves to lubricate and cool.
Water is an fantabulous cooling medium, but it corrodes metal materials. Chemical element mineral oil is one of the most popular coolants as it can some
cool as well as lubricate. The sulfur prevents chips from the activity from melting on to the tip of the tool.
Just about the author:
Many a years of working experience in Marine, Facilities, Construction has given the author material for writing e-books and articles related to engineering, and management. Subscribe to facworld ezine at mailto:facworld-subscribe@yahoogroups.com Much information at http://www.free-marine.comand http://www.free-engineering.com
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